Rapid analysis of ractopamine in pig tissues by dummy-template imprinted solid-phase extraction coupling with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Ritodrine has similar skeleton structure to ractopamine and it was selected as the dummy-template molecule to synthesize the molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs). The MIPs exhibited better selectivity to ractopamine than to the dummy-template molecule: the imprint factor for ractopamine was 8.9, while 7.6 for ritodrine. The MIPs were used as sorbents in solid-phase extraction for selective enrichment of ractopamine, and some key parameters were optimized. After that, a rapid surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy method was developed for analysis of ractopamine and isoxuprine in pig tissue samples. Under the optimal conditions, good linearity was achieved in the range of 20.0-200.0 mu g/L. for ractopamine and isoxsuprine at 842 cm(-1) and 993 cm(-1), respectively. The limits of detection were 3.1-43 mu g/L, which were lower than the maximum allowed by U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The recoveries of ractopamine and isoxsuprine were 72.4-79.7% and 71.0-78.2% for the spiked pork and pig liver, respectively, while the relative standard deviations ranging from 7.4% to 13.0%. The results suggest that the proposed method is sensitive and selective, and it has good potential on the quantitative analysis of trace amounts of beta-agonists in complex samples. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.