The possible role of human milk nucleotides as sleep inducers

Breast-milk contains a potent mixture of diverse components, such as the non-protein nitrogen fraction which includes nucleotides, whose variation in levels is evident throughout lactation. In addition, these substances play an important role in sleep homeostasis. In the present study, human milk samples were analyzed using a capillary electrophoresis system. The rhythmicity of each nucleotide was studied by cosinor analysis. It was found that the nucleotides 5' AMP, 5' GMP, 5' CMP, and 5' IMP have significant a (P < 0.05) circadian rhythms, the acrophases of the first two being during the night, and of the latter two during the day. While 5'UMP did not show a clear circadian rhythm, there was an increase in its levels at night. In conclusion, the rise in nocturnal levels of 5' AMP, 5' GMP, and 5' UMP could be involved in inducing the 'hypnotic' action of breast-milk at night in the infant.