Development and application of a quantitative method for determination of flavonoids in orange peel: Influence of sample pretreatment on composition

Peel, a part of the citrus rich in compounds with high-added value, constitutes the bulk of the waste generated in citrus juice industries. Flavonoids are a class of these high-added value compounds characterized by their bioactivity. In this research, a method for analysis of flavonoids, based on LC-MS/MS by using a triple quadrupole detector, has been developed and applied to the quantitative analysis of 16 flavonoids in extracts obtained by maceration of citrus peel. The parameters involved in the ionization and fragmentation of the target analytes were optimized to develop a selected reaction monitoring (SRM) method, which reported detection and quantitation limits ranging from 0.005 to 5 ng/mL and from 0.01 to 10 ng/mL, respectively. The raw materials for flavonoids extraction were fresh, oven-dried and lyophilized peel of 8 different orange varieties, and the proposed quantitation method was applied to the analysis of the obtained extracts. Evaluation of the two methods of water removal showed that lyophilization preserves the concentration of the flavonoids, while oven-dried peel presented a decrease of glycosylated flavonoids and an increase of aglycone forms. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.