Journal
NUTRITION RESEARCH REVIEWS
Volume 27, Issue 1, Pages 21-47Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0954422414000018
Keywords
Glucokinase; Humans; Fish; Birds; Carbohydrates
Categories
Funding
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA-PHASE research department)
- French National Research Agency [ANR-08-JCJC-0025]
- Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine
- interprofessional committee of 'Foie gras'
- European Commission (Fisheries Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Research) [CT95-0174, QLK5-2000-30068, Q5RS-2000-30058, 016249-2]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-08-JCJC-0025] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
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The glucokinase (GK) enzyme (EC 2.7.1.1.) is essential for the use of dietary glucose because it is the first enzyme to phosphorylate glucose in excess in different key tissues such as the pancreas and liver. The objective of the present review is not to fully describe the biochemical characteristics and the genetics of this enzyme but to detail its nutritional regulation in different vertebrates from fish to human. Indeed, the present review will describe the existence of the GK enzyme in different animal species that have naturally different levels of carbohydrate in their diets. Thus, some studies have been performed to analyse the nutritional regulation of the GK enzyme in humans and rodents (having high levels of dietary carbohydrates in their diets), in the chicken (moderate level of carbohydrates in its diet) and rainbow trout (no carbohydrate intake in its diet). All these data illustrate the nutritional importance of the GK enzyme irrespective of feeding habits, even in animals known to poorly use dietary carbohydrates (carnivorous species).
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