Rice bran enzymatic extract-supplemented diets modulate adipose tissue inflammation markers in Zucker rats

Objective: Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is characterized by macrophage accumulation in white adipose tissue and adipokine production deregulation. Obesity also is characterized by oxidative stress related to inflammatory signaling. The aim of this study was to analyze whether dietary supplementation with a rice bran enzymatic extract (RBEE), rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic properties, would ameliorate the inflammatory state existing in visceral adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats. Methods: Obese Zucker rats and their littermate controls, lean Zucker rats ages 8 wk, were daily fed an enriched diet, with either 1% or 5% RBEE supplementation over 20 wk. Measurement of adipocyte size and mRNA expression of proinflammatory molecules from visceral abdominal/epididymal tissue was performed. Results: An RBEE-supplemented diet decreased the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 beta, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as the overproduction of IL-6 and iNOs in visceral abdominal adipose tissue and visceral epididymal adipose tissue, respectively. An RBEE-supplemented diet modified the adipocyte-size distribution pattern in both abdominal and epididymal adipose tissue, shifting it toward smaller cell sizes. Conclusions: Chronic administration of a novel water-soluble RBEE, rich in polyphenols, toco-trienols and gamma-oryzanol, could be a suitable treatment to ameliorate the obesity-associated proinflammatory response. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.