Journal
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
Volume 39, Issue 20, Pages 8712-8727Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr572
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Funding
- KAKENHI [Integrative Research on Cancer Microenvironment Network] [22112002]
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan [20221009]
- MEXT
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Global Center of Excellence
- Swedish Cancer Society [10 0452]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22310117, 20221009, 22790750, 22112002] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Dysregulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are implicated in human genetic disorders. Here, we generated genome-wide maps of Smad1/5 binding sites in ECs and PASMCs. Smad1/5 preferentially bound to the region outside the promoter of known genes, and the binding was associated with target gene upregulation. Cell-selective Smad1/5 binding patterns appear to be determined mostly by cell-specific differences in baseline chromatin accessibility patterns. We identified, for the first time, a Smad1/5 binding motif in mammals, and termed GC-rich Smad binding element (GC-SBE). Several sequences in the identified GC-SBE motif had relatively weak affinity for Smad binding, and were enriched in cell type-specific Smad1/5 binding regions. We also found that both GC-SBE and the canonical SBE affect binding affinity for the Smad complex. Furthermore, we characterized EC-specific Smad1/5 target genes and found that several Notch signaling pathway-related genes were induced by BMP in ECs. Among them, a Notch ligand, JAG1 was regulated directly by Smad1/5, transactivating Notch signaling in the neighboring cells. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of BMP signaling and the pathogenesis of vascular lesions of certain genetic disorders, including hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
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