Journal
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
Volume 37, Issue 6, Pages 2014-2025Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp059
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [455, RO 2525/3-1, GK 1202]
- German Excellence Initiative
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RIG-I and MDA5 sense cytoplasmic viral RNA and set-off a signal transduction cascade, leading to antiviral innate immune response. The third RIG-I-like receptor, LGP2, differentially regulates RIG-I- and MDA5-dependent RNA sensing in an unknown manner. All three receptors possess a C-terminal regulatory domain (RD), which in the case of RIG-I senses the viral pattern 5-triphosphate RNA and activates ATP-dependent signaling by RIG-I. Here we report the 2.6 crystal structure of LGP2 RD along with in vitro and in vivo functional analyses and a homology model of MDA5 RD. Although LGP2 RD is structurally related to RIG-I RD, we find it rather binds double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and this binding is independent of 5-triphosphates. We identify conserved and receptor-specific parts of the RNA binding site. Latter are required for specific dsRNA binding by LGP2 RD and could confer pattern selectivity between RIG-I-like receptors. Our data furthermore suggest that LGP2 RD modulates RIG-I-dependent signaling via competition for dsRNA, another pattern sensed by RIG-I, while a fully functional LGP2 is required to augment MDA5-dependent signaling.
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