4.8 Article

Hairpin structures formed by alpha satellite DNA of human centromeres are cleaved by human topoisomerase II

Journal

NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
Volume 36, Issue 19, Pages 6165-6174

Publisher

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn640

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Funding

  1. Danish Cancer Society [DP05009]
  2. Danish Medical and Natural Science Research Counsils
  3. Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation
  4. Novo Nordisk Foundation

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Although centromere function has been conserved through evolution, apparently no interspecies consensus DNA sequence exists. Instead, centromere DNA may be interconnected through the formation of certain DNA structures creating topological binding sites for centromeric proteins. DNA topoisomerase II is a protein, which is located at centromeres, and enzymatic topoisomerase II activity correlates with centromere activity in human cells. It is therefore possible that topoisomerase II recognizes and interacts with the alpha satellite DNA of human centromeres through an interaction with potential DNA structures formed solely at active centromeres. In the present study, human topoisomerase II-mediated cleavage at centromeric DNA sequences was examined in vitro. The investigation has revealed that the enzyme recognizes and cleaves a specific hairpin structure formed by alpha satellite DNA. The topoisomerase introduces a single-stranded break at the hairpin loop in a reaction, where DNA ligation is partly uncoupled from the cleavage reaction. A mutational analysis has revealed, which features of the hairpin are required for topoisomerease II-mediated cleavage. Based on this a model is discussed, where topoisomerase II interacts with two hairpins as a mediator of centromere cohesion.

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