Journal
NUCLEAR PHYSICS B
Volume 803, Issue 3, Pages 428-449Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2008.06.009
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Funding
- national natural science foundation of China
- national program for basic research of MOST of China
- CAS
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We established a large class of exactly soluble spin liquids and chiral spin liquids on three-dimensional helix lattices by introducing Kitaev-type's spin coupling. In the chiral spin liquids, exact stable ground states with spontaneous breaking of the time reversal symmetry are found. The fractionalized loop excitations in both the spin and chiral spin liquids obey non-Abelian statistics. We characterize this kind of statistics by non-Abelian Berry phase and quantum algebra relation. The topological correlation of loops is independent of local order parameter and it measures the intrinsic global quantum entanglement of degenerate ground states. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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