Journal
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
Volume 200, Issue 3, Pages 847-860Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.12408
Keywords
flagellin; flg22; flgII-28; FLS2; microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP); pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP); pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [0746501]
- Swiss National Foundation [31003A_138255]
- NSF [IOS-1025642]
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01-GM078021]
- TRIAD Foundation
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1025642, 0746501] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [31003A_138255] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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The bacterial flagellin (FliC) epitopes flg22 and flgII-28 are microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Although flg22 is recognized by many plant species via the pattern recognition receptor FLS2, neither the flgII-28 receptor nor the extent of flgII-28 recognition by different plant families is known. Here, we tested the significance of flgII-28 as a MAMP and the importance of allelic diversity in flg22 and flgII-28 in plant-pathogen interactions using purified peptides and a Pseudomonas syringae fliC mutant complemented with different fliC alleles. The plant genotype and allelic diversity in flg22 and flgII-28 were found to significantly affect the plant immune response, but not bacterial motility. The recognition of flgII-28 is restricted to a number of solanaceous species. Although the flgII-28 peptide does not trigger any immune response in Arabidopsis, mutations in both flg22 and flgII-28 have FLS2-dependent effects on virulence. However, the expression of a tomato allele of FLS2 does not confer to Nicotiana benthamiana the ability to detect flgII-28, and tomato plants silenced for FLS2 are not altered in flgII-28 recognition. Therefore, MAMP diversification is an effective pathogen virulence strategy, and flgII-28 appears to be perceived by an as yet unidentified receptor in the Solanaceae, although it has an FLS2-dependent virulence effect in Arabidopsis.
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