Journal
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
Volume 198, Issue 3, Pages 765-776Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.12179
Keywords
Breeding with rare defective alleles (BRDA); EcoTILLING; lignin; natural population; p-hydroxyphenyl; poplar; shikimate
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Funding
- European Commission [211868, FP7-211917]
- Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds-Zware Apparatuur of the Ghent University for the FT-ICR-MS [174PZA05]
- Hercules Foundation for the Synapt Q-TOF [AUGE/014]
- U.S. Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (Department of Energy Office of Science) [BER DE-FC02-07ER64494]
- Multidisciplinary Research Partnership Ghent Bio-Economy
- FWO (Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek -Vlaanderen)
- IWT (Institute for the promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders)
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Next-generation (NG) sequencing in a natural population of Populus nigra revealed a mutant with a premature stop codon in the gene encoding hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA : shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase1 (HCT1), an essential enzyme in lignin biosynthesis. The lignin composition of P. nigra trees homozygous for the defective allele was compared with that of heterozygous trees and trees without the defective allele. The lignin was characterized by phenolic profiling, lignin oligomer sequencing, thioacidolysis and NMR. In addition, HCT1 was heterologously expressed for activity assays and crosses were made to introduce the mutation in different genetic backgrounds. HCT1 converts p-coumaroyl-CoA into p-coumaroyl shikimate. The mutant allele, PnHCT-1-Delta 73, encodes a truncated protein, and trees homozygous for this recessive allele have a modified lignin composition characterized by a 17-fold increase in p-hydroxyphenyl units. Using the lignin pathway as proof of concept, we illustrated that the capture of rare defective alleles is a straightforward approach to initiate reverse genetics and accelerate tree breeding. The proposed breeding strategy, called 'breeding with rare defective alleles' (BRDA), should be widely applicable, independent of the target gene or the species.
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