Journal
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
Volume 183, Issue 2, Pages 419-431Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02851.x
Keywords
Arabidopsis thaliana; callose; NPR1; priming; transcription factors; WRKY
Categories
Funding
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG)
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative/Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NWO)
- Earth and Life Sciences Foundation [865.04.002, 863.04.019]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Institute [BB/E023959/1]
- BBSRC [BB/E023959/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/E023959/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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P>Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r bacteria and beta-aminobutyric acid can induce disease resistance in Arabidopsis, which is based on priming of defence. In this study, we examined the differences and similarities of WCS417r- and beta-aminobutyric acid-induced priming. Both WCS417r and beta-aminobutyric acid prime for enhanced deposition of callose-rich papillae after infection by the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsis. This priming is regulated by convergent pathways, which depend on phosphoinositide- and ABA-dependent signalling components. Conversely, induced resistance by WCS417r and beta-aminobutyric acid against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae are controlled by distinct NPR1-dependent signalling pathways. As WCS417r and beta-aminobutyric acid prime jasmonate- and salicylate-inducible genes, respectively, we subsequently investigated the role of transcription factors. A quantitative PCR-based genome-wide screen for putative WCS417r- and beta-aminobutyric acid-responsive transcription factor genes revealed distinct sets of priming-responsive genes. Transcriptional analysis of a selection of these genes showed that they can serve as specific markers for priming. Promoter analysis of WRKY genes identified a putative cis-element that is strongly over-represented in promoters of 21 NPR1-dependent, beta-aminobutyric acid-inducible WRKY genes. Our study shows that priming of defence is regulated by different pathways, depending on the inducing agent and the challenging pathogen. Furthermore, we demon-strated that priming is associated with the enhanced expression of transcription factors. New Phytologist (2009) 183: 419-431doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02851.x.
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