Journal
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
Volume 181, Issue 1, Pages 147-160Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02639.x
Keywords
bacterial speck; chlorosis; coronatine; jasmonates; necrosis; Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato; reactive oxygen species (ROS); tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [IBN-0620469]
- Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- NSF [EOS-0132534]
- NIH [1P20RR16478-02, 5P20RR15564-03]
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH RESOURCES [P20RR015564, P20RR016478] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The phytotoxin coronatine (COR), which is produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000), has multiple roles in virulence that lead to chlorosis and a reduction in chlorophyll content. However, the physiological significance of COR-induced chlorosis in disease development is still largely unknown. Global expression analysis demonstrated that DC3000 and COR, but not the COR-defective mutant DB29, caused reduced expression of photosynthesis-related genes and result in a 1.5-to 2-fold reduction in maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (FV/FM). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings inoculated with DC3000 and incubated in a long daily photoperiod showed more necrosis than inoculated seedlings incubated in either dark or a short daily photoperiod. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected in cotyledons inoculated with either purified COR or DC3000 but not in tissues inoculated with DB29. Interestingly, COR-induced ROS accumulated only in light and was inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and diphenylene iodonium, which function to inhibit electron transport from PSII. Furthermore, COR and DC3000 suppressed expression of the gene encoding the thylakoid Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase but not the cytosolic form of the same enzyme. In conclusion, these results demonstrate a role for COR-induced effects on photosynthetic machinery and ROS in modulating necrotic cell death during bacterial speck disease of tomato.
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