Ultra-strong light-matter coupling for designer Reststrahlen band

The strength of the light-matter interaction depends on the number of dipoles that can couple with the photon trapped in an optical cavity. The coupling strength can thus be maximized by filling the entire cavity volume with an ensemble of interacting dipoles. In this work this is achieved by inserting a highly doped semiconductor layer in a subwavelength plasmonic resonator. In our system the ultra-strong light-matter coupling occurs between a collective electronic excitation and the cavity photon. The measured coupling strength is 73% of the matter excitation energy, the highest ever reported for a light-matter coupled system at room temperature. We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that such an ultra-strong interaction modifies the optical properties on a very wide spectral range (20-250 meV), and results in the appearance of a photonic gap of 38 meV, independently of the light polarization and angle of incidence. Light-matter ultra-strong coupling can thus be exploited to conceive metasurfaces with an engineered reflectivity band.