Journal
NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
Volume 33, Issue 6, Pages 658-667Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.05.011
Keywords
Aquatic models; Anxiety; Locomotion and circling; Cortisol; c-fos expression; Behavioral testing
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Funding
- Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Tulane Neurophenotyping Platform
- Tulane School of Medicine
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Ketamine is a non-competitive glutamatergic antagonist used to induce sedation and analgesia. In sub-anesthetic doses, it induces hyperlocomotion, impairs memory and evokes stereotypic circling in rodents. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) emerged as a promising new animal model to screen the effects of psychotropic compounds. Here, we investigated the effects of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine on anxiety, locomotion, habituation and social behavior of adult zebrafish. Acute 20-min exposure to 20 and 40 mg/L (but not 2 mg/L) of ketamine reduced anxiety, impaired intra-session habituation, evoked circular swimming and disrupted zebrafish shoaling. Additionally, ketamine reduced whole-body cortisol levels and elevated brain c-fos expression in zebrafish. Our findings demonstrate the sensitivity of zebrafish to behavioral and physiological effects of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine, further supporting the utility of this species as a model for neuropharmacological research, including testing ketamine and related drugs. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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