Journal
NEUROTOXICOLOGY
Volume 33, Issue 6, Pages 1443-1449Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.10.009
Keywords
Parkinson's disease; Manganese; Human induced pluripotent stem cells; Gene-environment interactions
Categories
Funding
- NIH/NIEHS [ES016931, ES016931-02S1]
- NICHD [P30HD15052]
- Vanderbilt University, PK Hope is Alive! under NIH/NIGMS [RR166-737/47877365, PO1 GM08535403]
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Toxicology Pilot Project under NIH/NIEHS [5P30 ES000267]
- Peterson Foundation for Parkinsons
- NIH/NINDS [NS078289]
- Doris Duke Charitable Foundation
- VICTR Grant
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center
- NIH/NICHD [P30HD15052]
- Vanderbilt Medical Scientist Training Program NIH/NIGMS [T32 GM07347]
- Department of Neurology
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Manganese (Mn) is an environmental risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Recessive inheritance of PARK2 mutations is strongly associated with early onset PD (EOPD). It is widely assumed that the influence of PD environmental risk factors may be enhanced by the presence of PD genetic risk factors in the genetic background of individuals. However, such interactions may be difficult to predict owing to the complexities of genetic and environmental interactions. Here we examine the potential of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived early neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to model differences in Mn neurotoxicity between a control subject (CA) with no known PD genetic risk factors and a subject (SM) with biallelic loss-of-function mutations in PARK2 and family history of PD but no evidence of PD by neurological exam. Human iPS cells were generated from primary dermal fibroblasts of both subjects. We assessed several outcome measures associated with Mn toxicity and PD. No difference in sensitivity to Mn cytotoxicity or mitochondrial fragmentation was observed between SM and CA NPCs. However, we found that Mn exposure was associated with significantly higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in SM compared to CA NPCs despite significantly less intracellular Mn accumulation. Thus, this report offers the first example of human subject-specific differences in PD-relevant environmental health related phenotypes that are consistent with pathogenic interactions between known genetic and environmental risk factors for PD. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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