Journal
NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS
Volume 25, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS
DOI: 10.3171/FOC.2008.25.11.E2
Keywords
free radical; glial scar; ischemia; myelin; regeneration; spinal cord injury; stem cell
Categories
Ask authors/readers for more resources
This review summarizes the current understanding of spinal cord injury pathophysiology and discusses important emerging regenerative approaches that have been translated into clinical trials or have a strong potential to do so. The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury involves a primary mechanical injury that directly disrupts axons, blood vessels, and cell membranes. This primary mechanical injury is followed by a secondary injury phase involving vascular dysfunction, edema, ischemia, excitotoxicity, electrolyte shifts, free radical production, inflammation, and delayed apoptotic cell death. Following injury, the mammalian central nervous system fails to adequately regenerate due to intrinsic inhibitory factors expressed on central myelin and the extracellular matrix of the posttraumatic gliotic scar. Regenerative approaches to block inhibitory signals including Nogo and the Rho-Rho-associated kinase pathways have shown promise and are in early stages of clinical evaluation. Cell-based strategies including using neural stem cells to remyelinate spared axons are an attractive emerging approach. (DOI: 10.3171/FOC.2008.25.11.E2)
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available