Journal
NEUROSIGNALS
Volume 17, Issue 1, Pages 5-22Publisher
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000166277
Keywords
Adenylyl cyclase; G protein; Cyclic AMP; Calcium; Synaptic plasticity; Cardiac function; Olfaction
Funding
- National Institute of Health [GM60419]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM060419] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Cyclic AMP is a universal second messenger, produced by a family of adenylyl cyclase (AC) enzymes. The last three decades have brought a wealth of new information about the regulation of cyclic AMP production by ACs. Nine hormone-sensitive, membrane-bound AC isoforms have been identified in addition to a tenth isoform that lacks membrane spans and more closely resembles the cyanobacterial AC enzymes. New model systems for purifying and characterizing the catalytic domains of AC have led to the crystal structure of these domains and the mapping of numerous interaction sites. However, big hurdles remain in unraveling the roles of individual AC isoforms and their regulation in physiological systems. In this review we explore the latest on AC knockout and overexpression studies to better understand the roles of G protein regulation of ACs in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel
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