Journal
NEUROSCIENTIST
Volume 21, Issue 3, Pages 277-289Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/1073858414532171
Keywords
bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs); spinal cord injury (SCI); astrocyte; oligodendrocyte; microglia; glial scar; myelination; inflammation
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81101462]
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In the CNS, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglias are involved in not only development but also pathology such as spinal cord injury (SCI). Glial cells play dual roles (negative vs. positive effects) in these processes. After SCI, detrimental effects usually dominate and significantly retard functional recovery, and curbing these effects is critical for promoting neurological improvement. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) represent a new therapeutic approach for SCI by enabling improved sensory and motor functions in animal models. Although transdifferentiation to spinal neurons was poor, because of their pleiotropic nature, the protective effects of BMSCs are broad and are primarily mediated through modulation of transdifferentiation into host spinal glial components. Transplantation of BMSCs can positively alter the spinal microenvironment and enhance recovery. The objective of this review is to discuss these and other related mechanisms. Since BMSCs transplantation has been applied in other clinical fields, we hope to provide useful clues for the clinical application of BMSCs to treat the SCI in the near future.
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