Journal
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
Volume 37, Issue 8, Pages 1622-1644Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.06.011
Keywords
Addiction; Animal models; Chromatin; Clinical; Dopamine; Epigenetic; Exercise; Glutamate; Neurobiological mechanisms
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Funding
- National Institute on Drug Abuse [R01-DA024716, R01-DA024716-S1, R01-DA027485]
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [R01-AA016554]
- Virginia Youth Tobacco Projects Research Coalition (Darlene Brunzell, PI)
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Physical activity, and specifically exercise, has been suggested as a potential treatment for drug addiction. In this review, we discuss clinical and preclinical evidence for the efficacy of exercise at different phases of the addiction process. Potential neurobiological mechanisms are also discussed focusing on interactions with dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling and chromatin remodeling in the reward pathway. While exercise generally produces an efficacious response, certain exercise conditions may be either ineffective or lead to detrimental effects depending on the level/type/timing of exercise exposure, the stage of addiction, the drug involved, and the subject population. During drug use initiation and withdrawal, its efficacy may be related to its ability to facilitate dopaminergic transmission, and once addiction develops, its efficacy may be related to its ability to normalize glutamatergic and dopaminergic signaling and reverse drug-induced changes in chromatin via epigenetic interactions with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the reward pathway. We conclude with future directions, including the development of exercise-based interventions alone or as an adjunct to other strategies for treating drug addiction. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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