Journal
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
Volume 36, Issue 1, Pages 404-430Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.07.009
Keywords
Acetaldehyde; Alcohol dehydrogenase; Aldehyde dehydrogenase; Catalase; CYP2E1; Dopamine; Ethanol; Salsolinol
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Funding
- Fun-dacio Bancaixa/U. Jaume I. [P1A2007-15]
- Plan Nacional de Drogas [20101024]
- Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione
- Universita e Ricerca [PRIN 2006057754_002]
- Fondazione Compagnia di San Paolo (Turin, Italy)
- Fondazione Banco di Sardegna (Sassari, Italy)
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Mainly known for its more famous parent compound, ethanol, acetaldehyde was first studied in the 1940s, but then research interest in this compound waned. However, in the last two decades, research on acetaldehyde has seen a revitalized and uninterrupted interest. Acetaldehyde, per se, and as a product of ethanol metabolism, is responsible for many pharmacological effects which are not clearly distinguishable from those of its parent compound, ethanol. Consequently, the most recent advances in acetaldehyde's psychopharmacology have been inspired by the experimental approach to test the hypothesis that some of the effects of ethanol are mediated by acetaldehyde and, in this regard, the characterization of metabolic pathways for ethanol and the localization within discrete brain regions of these effects have revitalized the interest on the role of acetaldehyde in ethanol's central effects. Here we present and discuss a wealth of experimental evidence that converges to suggest that acetaldehyde is an intrinsically active compound, is metabolically generated in the brain and, finally, mediates many of the psychopharmacological properties of ethanol. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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