Journal
NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 202, Issue -, Pages 58-68Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.062
Keywords
high glucose; astrocytes; cytokines; ROS; NF-kappa B; STAT 3
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [30872645, 81071057]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [Y2008C57, JQ200823, ZR2011HQ035]
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Astrocyte activation plays important roles both in physiological and pathological process in the CNS. In the latter, the process is further aggravated by hyperglycemia, leading to diabetes complications of CNS. We report here that high glucose (HG) treatment stimulated astrocytic morphological alteration coupled with changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin expression. Additionally, HG upregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); however, its effects on transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) expression were not evident. HG treatment induced increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappa B) and signal transducer and activator transcription 3 (STAT 3). HG-induced expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta, IL-4, and VEGF was blocked by ROS scavenger and inhibitors specific for NF-kappa B and STAT 3, respectively. The results suggest that the aforementioned multiple inflammatory cytokines and mediators that may be linked to the pathogenesis of the diabetes complications of CNS are induced by HG via the key signaling pathways. (C) 2011 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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