Journal
NEUROREPORT
Volume 20, Issue 17, Pages 1513-1517Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e32832ff2f5
Keywords
avoidance learning; event-related potential; feedback negativity; negative reinforcement
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Funding
- NARSAD Young Investigator Award
- NIDA [RO1-DA-06025, DA-017863, KO5]
- Gustavus and Louise Pfeiffer Research Foundation
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The feed back-related negativity (FRN) is an event-related potential thought to reflect a reward prediction error, when an outcome is worse than expected. Behavior motivated by the avoidance of negative outcomes is sustained through negative reinforcement processes. Escaping or avoiding a negative outcome may be successful or not, resulting in an analogous situation to that which elicits the FRN. We observed that when expected avoidance of an aversive outcome fails to occur, there occurs a negative deflection in the frontocentral event-related potential at approximately 350 ms, but with a slow wave following. We suggest that the FRN may be considered an index of a broader class of reward-based learning that also includes avoiding negative outcomes as well as expecting positive ones. NeuroReport 20:1513-1517 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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