Interneuronal δ-GABAA receptors regulate binge drinking and are necessary for the behavioral effects of early withdrawal

Extensive evidence points to a role for GABAergic signaling in the amygdala in mediating the effects of alcohol, including presynaptic changes in GABA release, suggesting effects on GABAergic neurons. However, the majority of studies focus solely on the effects of alcohol on principal neurons. Here we demonstrate that delta-GABA(A)Rs, which have been suggested to confer ethanol sensitivity, are expressed at a high density on parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Thus, we hypothesized that delta-GABA(A)Rs on PV interneurons may represent both an initial pharmacological target for alcohol and a site for plasticity associated with the expression of various behavioral maladaptations during withdrawal from binge drinking. To investigate this, we used a mouse model of voluntary alcohol intake (Drinking-in-the-Dark-Multiple Scheduled Access) to induce escalating heavy binge drinking and anxiety-like behavior in mice. This pattern of intake was associated with increased delta protein expression on parvalbumin positive interneurons in both the BLA and hippocampus. Loss of delta-GABA(A)Rs specifically in PV interneurons (PV:delta(-/-)) increased binge drinking behavior, reduced sensitivity to alcohol-induced motor incoordination, enhanced sensitivity to alcohol-induced hyperlocomotion and blocked the expression of withdrawal from binge drinking. This study is the first to demonstrate a role for delta GABA(A)Rs specifically in PV-expressing interneurons in modulating binge alcohol intake and withdrawal-induced anxiety.