Journal
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA
Volume 61, Issue -, Pages 1-10Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.06.004
Keywords
Feedback related negativity (FRN); Event-related potential (ERP); Reward prediction error (RPE); Unsigned prediction error; Saliency; Dopamine
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Reinforcement learning models make use of reward prediction errors (RPEs), the difference between an expected and obtained reward. There is evidence that the brain computes RPEs, but an outstanding question is whether positive RPEs (better than expected) and negative RPEs (worse than expected) are represented in a single integrated system. An electrophysiological component, feedback related negativity, has been claimed to encode an RPE but its relative sensitivity to the utility of positive and negative RPEs remains unclear. This study explored the question by varying the utility of positive and negative RPEs in a design that controlled for other closely related properties of feedback and could distinguish utility from salience. It revealed a mediofrontal sensitivity to utility, for positive RPEs at 275310 ms and for negative RPEs at 310-390 ms. These effects were preceded and succeeded by a response consistent with an unsigned prediction error, or salience coding. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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