Journal
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA
Volume 51, Issue 1, Pages 156-167Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.011
Keywords
Development; Resting-state connectivity; Network; Anticorrelation; Response inhibition; Cognitive control
Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR00052, M01 RR000052, P41RR15241, P41 RR015241] Funding Source: Medline
- NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB015909] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [HD-24061, P30 HD024061] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [R01MH085328, R01MH078160, R01 MH078160, R01 MH085328] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01NS048527, R01 NS048527] Funding Source: Medline
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A number of behavioral changes occur between late childhood and adulthood, including maturation of social cognition, reward receptivity, impulsiveness, risk-taking and cognitive control. Although some of these abilities show linear improvements with age, some abilities may temporarily worsen, reflecting both the restructuring and/or strengthening of connections within some brain systems. The current study uses resting state functional connectivity to examine developmental differences between late childhood and adulthood in task positive (TP) regions, which play a role in cognitive control functions, and task negative (TN) regions, which play a role in social cognition, self-referential, and internally-directed thought. Within the TP network, developmental differences in connectivity were found with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Within the TN network, developmental differences in connectivity were found with a broad area of the medial prefrontal cortex and the right parahippocampal gyrus. Connections between the two networks also showed significant developmental differences. Stronger anticorrelations were found in the TN maps of the adult group for the right anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral anterior inferior parietal lobule, bilateral superior parietal lobule and an anterior portion of the right posterior cingulate cortex. There was a significant brain-behavior relationship between the strength of anticorrelation in these regions and inhibitory control performance on two Go/No-go tasks suggesting that the development of anticorrelations between. late childhood and adulthood supports mature inhibitory control. Overall, maturation of these networks occurred in specific regions which are associated with cognitive control of goal-directed behavior, including those involved in working memory, social cognition, and inhibitory control. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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