Journal
NEURON
Volume 82, Issue 5, Pages 1145-1156Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.021
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Funding
- NIH [R01 MH060379]
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-04-1-0208]
- European Union [021716]
- CHDI Foundation [A-5552]
- Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation
- William N. & Bernice E. Bumpus Foundation [2013.1]
- Mr. John Wasserlein and Ms. Lucille Braun
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The ventromedial striatum (VMS) is a node in circuits underpinning both affect and reinforcement learning. The cellular bases of these functions and especially their potential linkages have been unclear. VMS cholinergic interneurons, however, have been singled out as being related both to affect and to reinforcement-based conditioning, raising the possibility that unique aspects of their signaling could account for these functions. Here we show that VMS tonically active neurons (TANs), including putative cholinergic interneurons, generate unique bidirectional outcome responses during reward-based learning, reporting both positive (reward) and negative (reward omission) outcomes when behavioral change is prompted by switches in reinforcement contingencies. VMS output neurons (SPNs), by contrast, are nearly insensitive to switches in reinforcement contingencies, gradually losing outcome signaling while maintaining responses at trial initiation and goal approach. Thus, TANs and SPNs in the VMS provide distinct signals optimized for different aspects of the learning process.
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