Journal
NEURON
Volume 79, Issue 4, Pages 814-828Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.06.027
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Funding
- Wellcome Trust [WT096002/Z/11/Z]
- Medical Research Council, UK [G0601442]
- Eli Lilly
- MRC [G0601442] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0601442] Funding Source: researchfish
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For effective information processing, two large-scale distributed neural networks appear to be critical: a multimodal executive system anchored on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and a salience system anchored on the anterior insula. Aberrant interaction among distributed networks is a feature of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. We used whole-brain Granger causal modeling using resting fMRI and observed a significant failure of both the feedforward and reciprocal influence between the insula and the DLPFC in schizophrenia. Further, a significant failure of directed influence from bilateral visual cortices to the insula was also seen in patients. These findings provide compelling evidence for a breakdown of the salience-execution loop in the clinical expression of psychosis. In addition, this offers a parsimonious explanation for the often-observed frontal inefficiency, the failure to recruit prefrontal system when salient or novel information becomes available in patients with schizophrenia.
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