4.8 Review

Decoding the Epigenetic Language of Neuronal Plasticity

Journal

NEURON
Volume 60, Issue 6, Pages 961-974

Publisher

CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.10.012

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Funding

  1. NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA007359, P01 DA008227, R01 DA007359-21, P01 DA008227-16, R01 DA007359-20, P01 DA008227-17, P01 DA008227-170003] Funding Source: Medline
  2. NIMH NIH HHS [P50 MH066172-079003, P50 MH066172-069003, R01 MH051399, P50 MH066172, R01 MH051399-18] Funding Source: Medline

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Neurons are submitted to an exceptional variety of stimuli and are able to convert these into high-order functions, such as storing memories, controlling behavior, and governing consciousness. These unique properties are based on the highly flexible nature of neurons, a characteristic that can be regulated by the complex molecular machinery that controls gene expression. Epigenetic control, which largely involves events of chromatin remodeling, appears to be one way in which transcriptional regulation of gene expression can be modified in neurons. This review will focus on how epigenetic control in the mature nervous system may guide dynamic plasticity processes and long-lasting cellular neuronal responses. We outline the molecular pathways underlying chromatin transitions, propose the presence of an epigenetic indexing code, and discuss how central findings accumulating at an exponential pace in the field of epigenetics are conceptually changing our perspective of adult brain function.

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