4.7 Article

Impaired executive function signals in motor brain regions in Parkinson's disease

Journal

NEUROIMAGE
Volume 60, Issue 2, Pages 1156-1170

Publisher

ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.057

Keywords

Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Task set; Antisaccade; Frontal eye fields; Basal ganglia; Prefrontal cortex

Funding

  1. Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP 97741]
  2. Canada Foundation for Innovation [11439]
  3. Canada Research Chairs
  4. Canada Graduate Scholarship program

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Recent evidence has shown that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often display deficits in executive functions, such as planning for future behavior, and these deficits may stem from pathologies in prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia circuits that are critical to executive control. Using the antisaccade task (look away from a visual stimulus), we show that when the preparatory 'readiness' to perform a given action is dissociated from the actual execution of that action, PD patients off and on dopamine medication display behavioral impairments and reduced cortical brain activation that cannot be explained by a pathology related to dysfunction in movement execution. Rather, they show that the appropriate task set signals were not in place in motor regions prior to execution, resulting in impairments in the control of subsequent voluntary movement. This is the first fMRI study of antisaccade deficits in Parkinson's disease, and importantly, the findings point to a critical role of the basal ganglia in translating signals related to rule representation (executive) into those governing voluntary motor behavior. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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