Journal
NEUROIMAGE
Volume 45, Issue 2, Pages 453-462Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.041
Keywords
Nonlinear coupling; Neuronal dynamics; Induced responses; Dynamic causal modelling; Spectral responses; Backward connection; Recurrent connection; Reentrant dynamics; Predictive coding
Funding
- Wellcome Trust
- National Science Council of Taiwan [TMS-094-1-A-037]
- Medical Research Council [WBSE U.1055.05.012.00001.01]
- University Research Priority Program Foundations of Social Human Behaviour at the University of Zurich
- MRC [MC_U105579226] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MC_U105579226] Funding Source: researchfish
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In this paper, we provide evidence for functional asymmetries in forward and backward connections that de. ne hierarchical architectures in the brain. We exploit the fact that modulatory or nonlinear influences of one neuronal system on another (i.e., effective connectivity) entail coupling between different frequencies. Functional asymmetry in forward and backward connections was addressed by comparing dynamic causal models of MEG responses induced by visual processing of normal and scrambled faces. We compared models with and without nonlinear (between-frequency) coupling in both forward and backward connections. Bayesian model comparison indicated that the best model had nonlinear forward and backward connections. Using the best model we then quantified frequency-specific causal influences mediating observed spectral responses. We found a striking asymmetry between forward and backward connections; in which high (gamma) frequencies in higher cortical areas suppressed low (alpha) frequencies in lower areas. This suppression was significantly greater than the homologous coupling in the forward connections. Furthermore, exactly the asymmetry was observed when we examined face-selective coupling (i.e., coupling under faces minus scrambled faces). These results highlight the importance of nonlinear coupling among brain regions and point to a functional asymmetry between forward and backward connections in the human brain that is consistent with anatomical and physiological evidence from animal studies. This asymmetry is also consistent with functional architectures implied by theories of perceptual inference in the brain, based on hierarchical generative models. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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