Journal
NEUROIMAGE
Volume 40, Issue 2, Pages 811-817Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.11.042
Keywords
UCR diminution; fear; conditioning; fMRI; learning; amygdala
Funding
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [Z01MH002783, Z01MH002888, ZIAMH002783, ZICMH002888] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- Intramural NIH HHS [NIH0011354362] Funding Source: Medline
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Pavlovian conditioning research has shown that unconditioned responses (UCR) to aversive unconditioned stimuli (UCS) are reduced when a UCS is predictable. This effect is known as UCR diminution. In the present study, we examined UCR diminution in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal by varying the rate at which a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with an aversive UCS. UCR diminution was observed within several brain regions associated with fear learning, including the amygdala, anterior cingulate, auditory cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex when a CS continuously relative to intermittently predicted the UCS. In addition, an inverse relationship between UCS expectancy and UCR magnitude was observed within the amygdala, anterior cingulate, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, such that as UCS expectancy increased the UCR decreased. These findings demonstrate UCR diminution within the fMRI signal, and suggest that UCS expectancies modulate UCR magnitude. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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