Journal
NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 51, Issue 3-4, Pages 131-137Publisher
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000490912
Keywords
Cognition; Vitamin D; Cohort study
Funding
- NIH/NINDS [R01NS072243, R25NS065729, U01 HL096812, HL096814, HL096899, HL096902, HL096917]
- NIH/NHLBI [R01HL103706, HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C, HHSN268201100012C]
- National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements [R01HL103706-S1]
- Blumenthal Scholars Fund at Johns Hopkins
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Background/Aims: 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations have been associated with cognitive decline and incident dementia in elderly populations; however, these relationships are susceptible to reverse causation. Less is known about the association of midlife 25(OH)D with long-term cognitive decline. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 13,044 participants (mean age 57 years at baseline) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. 25(OH)D was measured from serum collected at baseline (1990-1992) using liquid chromatography tandem high-sensitivity mass spectrometry. Cognition was assessed using 3 neuropsychological tests at 3 time points, which were combined into a composite cognitive Z-score. Multivariable-adjusted linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts and slopes were used to estimate associations between 25(OH)D and cognitive change over 20 years. Results: Compared to persons with sufficient 25(OH)D (30 ng/mL), those with deficient (< 20 ng/mL) and intermediate (20-< 30 ng/mL) 25(OH)D concentrations had similar cognitive decline in composite cognitive Z-scores (deficient versus sufficient: -0.035 [95% CI -0.104 to 0.033] and intermediate versus sufficient: -0.029 [95% CI -0.080 to 0.023]). Conclusions: Lower concentrations of 25(OH)D measured in midlife were not significantly associated with more rapid cognitive decline over a 20-year follow-up period. The results of this prospective study are less susceptible to reverse causation than prior studies. (C) 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel
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