TiO2/Cu2O all-oxide heterojunction solar cells produced by spray pyrolysis

Here we present for the first time a TiO2/Cu2O all-oxide heterojunction solar cell entirely produced by spray pyrolysis onto fluorine doped tin oxide (PTO) covered glass substrates, using silver as a back contact. A combinatorial approach was chosen to investigate the impact of the TiO2 window layer and the Cu2O light absorber thicknesses. We observe an open circuit voltage up to 350 mV and a short circuit current density which is strongly dependent of the Cu2O thickness, reaching a maximum of similar to 0.4 mA/cm(2). Optical investigation reveals that a thickness of 300 nm spray pyrolysis deposited Cu2O is sufficient to absorb most photons with an energy above the symmetry allowed optical transition of 2.5 eV, indicating that the low current densities are caused by strong recombination in the absorber that consists of small Cu2O grains. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.