Journal
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
Volume 39, Issue 1, Pages 1-36Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1199-5
Keywords
N-acetylaspartate; Choline; Creatine; Lactate; myo-inositol; gamma-Aminobutyric acid
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Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
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The current knowledge of the normal biochemistry of compounds that give rise to resonances in human brain proton magnetic resonance spectra measureable at readily available field strengths (i.e. a parts per thousand currency sign3 T) is reviewed. Molecules covered include myo- and scyllo-inositol, glycerophospho- and phospho-choline and choline, creatine and phosphocreatine, N-acetylaspartate, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, glutamate, glutamine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glucose, glutathione and lactate. The factors which influence changes in the levels of these compounds are discussed. As most proton resonances in the brain at low field are derived from a combination of moieties whose biochemistry is complex and interrelated, an understanding of the mechanisms underlying why these species change is crucial to meaningful interpretation of human brain spectra.
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