Anticonvulsant Activity and Toxicity of Essential Oil and Methanolic Extract of Zhumeria majdae Rech, a Unique Iranian Plant in Mice

Drug-resistance and adverse effects of current drugs are the most obstacles in the treatment of epilepsy. In a plan for finding new natural anticonvulsant agents, we studied the anticonvulsant effects of essential oil (ZMEO) and methanolic extract (ZMME) of Zhumeria majdae in pentylene tetrazol (PTZ) and maximal electro-shock (MES) models in mice. Mice received different doses of ZMEO and ZMME, 30 min before induction of chemical and electrical convulsions. Neurotoxicity (movement toxicity and sedation) was evaluated using rota-rod test. The mortality was determined after 24 h following injection of different doses of the ZMEO and ZMME. The obtained results show that ZMEO dose-dependently protected mice from tonic convulsions induced by PTZ and MES with effective doses (ED50) of 0.26 (0.13-0.39) and 0.27 (0.17-0.37) ml/kg respectively. Toxic doses (TD50) in rota-rod test for ZMEO was 0.55 (0.42-0.70) ml/kg. ZMME at dose of 2 g/kg decreased tonic convulsions as much as 40 %. For ZMEO, TD50 of 0.55 (0.45-0.69) ml/kg was obtained. ZMME significantly decreased the walking time in rota-rod test at dose of 2 g/kg. Lethal dose (LD50) of ZMEO was determined as 2.35 (1.98-2.65) ml/kg. ZMME showed about 34 % death of the animals at dose 5 g/kg. The essential oil of Z. majdae could be a good candidate for further anticonvulsive studies.