Journal
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
Volume 42, Issue 2, Pages 177-184Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.08.025
Keywords
Dystonia; Physiology; Inhibition; Motor control; GABA; Surround inhibition; Sensory function; Sensorimotor integration; Basal ganglia; Transcranial magnetic stimulation
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Funding
- Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA NS003031-03] Funding Source: Medline
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The pathophysiology of dystonia has been best studied in patients with focal hand dystonia. A loss of inhibitory function has been demonstrated at spinal, brainstem and cortical levels. Many cortical circuits seem to be involved. One consequence of the loss of inhibition is a failure of surround inhibition. and this appears to directly lead to overflow and unwanted muscle spasms. There are mild sensory abnormalities and deficits in sensorimotor integration; these also might be explained by a loss of inhibition. Increasing inhibition may be therapeutic. A possible hypothesis is that there is a genetic loss of inhibitory interneurons in dystonia and that this deficit is a substrate on which other factors can act to produce dystonia. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in dystonia. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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