Journal
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
Volume 35, Issue 12, Pages 2691-2700Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.031
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; Dementia; Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS); Depression; Aggression; Neurochemistry; Biogenic amines and metabolites; Brain tissue
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Funding
- Research Foundation-Flanders (Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek)
- Interuniversity Poles of Attraction (IAP Network) of the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, Methusalem excellence grant of the Flemish Government [P7/16]
- Thomas Riellaerts research fund
- Neurosearch Antwerp
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Depression and aggression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are 2 of the most severe and prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). Altered monoaminergic neurotransmitter system functioning has been implicated in both NPS, although their neurochemical etiology remains to be elucidated. Left frozen hemispheres of 40 neuropathologically confirmed AD patients were regionally dissected. Dichotomization based on depression and aggression scores resulted in depressed/nondepressed (AD + D/AD - D) and aggressive/nonaggressive (AD + Agr/AD - Agr) groups. Concentrations of dopamine, serotonin (5-HT), (nor) epinephrine ((N)E), and respective metabolites were determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Significantly lower 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and higher homovanillic acid levels were observed in Brodmann area (BA) 9 and 10 of AD + D compared with AD - D. In AD + Agr, 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in BA9, 5-HIAA to 5-HT ratios in BA11, and MHPG, NE, and 5-HIAA levels in the hippocampus were significantly decreased compared with AD - Agr. These findings indicate that brain region-specific altered monoamines and metabolites may contribute to the occurrence of depression and aggression in AD. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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