Journal
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
Volume 33, Issue 10, Pages 2357-2372Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.11.015
Keywords
Macaca mulatta; Normal aging; Cerebral cortex; Synapses; Myelinated nerve fibers; Neuroglia
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health/National Aging Institute [5P01 AG 000001 2]
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Like humans, rhesus monkeys show cognitive decline and this review considers what structural age-related changes underlie this decline. Some structural measures do not alter significantly with age. These include brain weight, overall cortical thickness; numbers of cortical neurons; and numbers of astrocytes and microglial cells. Other structural measures change with age, but the change does not correlate with cognitive decline. These changes include nerve fiber loss from some fiber tracts, degeneration, and regeneration of myelin sheaths, and increase in the frequency of oligodendrocytes. Among the structural measures that increase in frequency with age and also correlate with cognitive decline are the increased frequency of degenerating myelin sheaths and a loss of nerve fibers from some fiber tracts; and the loss of synapses and dendritic spines from upper layers of prefrontal cortex. Consequently, the existing data suggest that cognitive decline correlates with changes in myelinated nerve fibers and with disconnections between and within cortical areas, as reflected by the age-related loss of synapses and of dendritic spines from some cortical areas. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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