Journal
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
Volume 30, Issue 10, Pages 1563-1573Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.12.015
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; BACE1; gamma-Secretase; Oxidative stress; ERK1/2; c-jun N-terminal kinase
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Funding
- Italian Ministry of Health and Regione Piemonte
- Carisa De Mari and Telethon Foundations
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The activity of beta-secretase (BACE1), the endo-protease essential for the production of amyloid beta (A beta) peptides, is increased in brain of late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), and oxidative stress is the potential cause of this event. Oxidative stress up-regulates the expression and the activity of BACE1 in cellular and animal models, through a mechanism that involves the increase of gamma-secretase cleavage on APP and the activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase/activator protein 1(JNK/AP1) pathway. We further characterized the cellular pathways that control BACE1 expression under oxidative stress. We investigated the involvement of extracellular signal regulated MAP kinase (ERK1/2) pathway in the regulation of BACE1 expression, since it has been recently shown that ERK1/2 is an endogenous regulator of the gamma-secretase activity. We found that ERK1/2 pathway negatively modulates BACE1 expression and activity. Moreover, we observed that conditions that abrogate the gamma-secretase activity favor the activation of signalling pathways that promote cell survival, such as ERK1/2 and the serine/threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B (Akt). These data suggest that the positive or negative cellular responses to oxidative stress parallel the activities of the beta- and the gamma-secretase. ERK1/2 and JNK pathways are involved in this bipartite response, which can lead to neurodegeneration or neuroprotection depending on the cellular and environmental conditions or cooperation with other signalling pathways such as Akt cascade. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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