Journal
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 80, Issue -, Pages 92-117Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.09.025
Keywords
Nitric oxide; Unspecific enzymo-oxidative mechanisms; NOS; SOD; Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium; NO signaling; NO consumption; NO production
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Funding
- projects Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems (ECLAIRE), under the EC 7th Framework Programme [282910]
- EU [262060]
- Natural Environment Research Council [ceh010010] Funding Source: researchfish
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NO emissions from soils and ecosystems are of outstanding importance for atmospheric chemistry. Here we review the current knowledge on processes involved in the formation and consumption of NO in soils, the importance of NO for the physiological functioning of different organisms, and for inter- and intra-species signaling and competition, e.g. in the rooting zone between microbes and plants. We also show that prokaryotes and eukaryotes are able to produce NO by multiple pathways and that unspecific enzymo-oxidative mechanisms of NO production are likely to occur in soils. Nitric oxide production in soils is not only linked to NO production by nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms, but also linked to extracellular enzymes from a wide range of microorganisms. Further investigations are needed to clarify molecular mechanisms of NO production and consumption, its controlling factors, and the significance of NO as a regulator for microbial, animal and plant processes. Such process understanding is required to elucidate the importance of soils as sources (and sinks) for atmospheric NO. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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