Journal
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
Volume 28, Issue 7, Pages 1844-1855Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft012
Keywords
congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract; renal injury; solitary functioning kidney; systematic review; unilateral renal agenesis
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Funding
- Fonds NutsOhra Zorgsubsidies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands [1101-058]
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Background. Unilateral renal agenesis (URA) is associated with other congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and extra-renal anomalies. However, the reported prevalences of these anomalies are highly variable. We estimated the prevalence of associated CAKUT and extra-renal anomalies in patients with URA. Furthermore, we determined the prevalence of renal injury in URA patients. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of English and non-English articles using PubMed and Embase.com. Included studies reported at least one of the following items: incidence of URA, gender, side of URA, prenatal diagnosis, performance of micturating cystourethrogram, associated CAKUT, urinary tract infection or extra-renal anomalies. Studies that described a mean/median glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and proportions of patients with hypertension, micro-albuminuria or a decreased GFR were also included. Results. Analyses were based on 43 included studies (total number of patients: 2684, 63% male). The general incidence of URA was 1 in similar to 2000. Associated CAKUT were identified in 32% of patients, of which vesicoureteral reflux was most frequently identified (24% of patients). Extra-renal anomalies were found in 31% of patients. Hypertension could be identified in 16% of patients, whereas 21% of patients had micro-albuminuria. Ten per cent of patients had a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Conclusions. These aggregate results provide insight in the prevalence of associated anomalies and renal injury in patients with URA. Our systematic review implicates that URA is not a harmless malformation by definition. Therefore, we emphasize the need for clinical follow-up in URA patients starting at birth.
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