Journal
NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 377, Issue 4-6, Pages 283-293Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0238-7
Keywords
angiotensin receptors; AT(1) receptor; angiotensin peptides; non-AT(1); non-AT(2) binding site; angiotensin II; G protein-coupled receptors
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Funding
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH RESOURCES [P20RR021929] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NCRR NIH HHS [RR-0212929, P20 RR021929] Funding Source: Medline
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This review addresses classical and novel aspects of the brain angiotensin system. The brain contains both the AT(1) and AT(2) angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor subtypes which are well-characterized guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Like other GPCRs, novel signal transduction pathways and protein interactions are being described for Ang II receptors. For brain AT(1) receptors, there is a controversy regarding the identity of the active angiotensin peptide in the brain which is addressed in this review. This review also summarizes a recent discovery of a novel, membrane-bound, non-AT(1), non-AT(2) binding site for angiotensin peptides that appears to be brain-specific. This binding site is unmasked by a limited concentration range of the organometallic sulfhydryl-reactive agent p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (PCMB) suggesting that functional expression of this binding site may depend on the redox state of the milieu of the brain. While this binding site has similarities to a previously described soluble angiotensin-binding protein found in liver that is unmasked by PCMB, it has many different characteristics. The possible functional significance of this novel non-AT(1), non-AT(2) binding site for angiotensin peptides as a mediator of non-traditional actions of Ang II in the brain, e.g., stimulation of dopamine release from the striatum, as a peptidase, or as a clearance receptor, and the importance of the state of the internal environment of the brain to its function is reviewed.
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