Chiral dopants and the twist-bend nematic phase - induction of novel mesomorphic behaviour in an apolar bimesogen

Herein we report studies on a bimesogen that exhibits a chiral twist bend nematic phase when doped with small weight percentages of a chiral material and a partial phase diagram constructed. At low concentrations a wide temperature range blue phase is observed, whereas at higher concentrations an additional 'nematic-like' mesophase was discovered at a lower temperature than the twist-bend nematic phase. In addition to an apparent isotropic-isotropic transition, the doped materials also exhibited a weakly birefringent phase upon annealing in the isotropic liquid phase, implying pretransitional behaviour in the same vein as that seen for TGB phases. When confined in a planar aligned cell, the NTB phase exhibited two domains that alternated between light and dark with rotation of the sample stage, as well as the application of an external electric field. Upon the addition of a chiral dopant one of these domains was eliminated, leading to their assignment as twist domains of opposite handedness.