Journal
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 64-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2735
Keywords
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Funding
- Abby Rockefeller Mauze Trust
- Maloris foundation
- US National Institutes of Health [GM60398]
- National Science Foundation [0701745]
- UCLA Dissertation Year Fellowship
- Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award [F32GM096483-01]
- Starr foundation
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [P30CA008748, P30CA016042] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R37GM060398, R01GM060398, F32GM096483] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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DNA methylation occurs in CG and non-CG sequence contexts. Non-CG methylation is abundant in plants and is mediated by CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) and DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE (DRM) proteins; however, its roles remain poorly understood. Here we characterize the roles of non-CG methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that a poorly characterized methyltransferase, CMT2, is a functional methyltransferase in vitro and in vivo. CMT2 preferentially binds histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9) dimethylation and methylates non-CG cytosines that are regulated by H3K9 methylation. We revealed the contributions and redundancies between each non-CG methyltransferase in DNA methylation patterning and in regulating transcription. We also demonstrate extensive dependencies of small-RNA accumulation and H3K9 methylation patterning on non-CG methylation, suggesting self-reinforcing mechanisms between these epigenetic factors. The results suggest that non-CG methylation patterns are critical in shaping the landscapes of histone modification and small noncoding RNA.
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