Journal
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 15, Issue 10, Pages 1109-1118Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1486
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Funding
- US National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- NIH Roadmap for Medical Research
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
- Thomas Anthony Pappas Charitable Foundation
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- Life Science Research Foundation, Baltimore
- NIH [K99GM08009]
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Protein kinases targeted by small-molecule inhibitors develop resistance through mutation of the 'gatekeeper' threonine residue of the active site. Here we show that the gatekeeper mutation in the cellular forms of c-ABL, c-SRC, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha and -beta, and epidermal growth factor receptor activates the kinase and promotes malignant transformation of BaF3 cells. Structural analysis reveals that a network of hydrophobic interactions-the hydrophobic spine-characteristic of the active kinase conformation is stabilized by the gatekeeper substitution. Substitution of glycine for the residues constituting the spine disrupts the hydrophobic connectivity and inactivates the kinase. Furthermore, a small-molecule inhibitor that maximizes complementarity with the dismantled spine (compound 14) inhibits the gatekeeper mutation of BCR-ABL-T315I. These results demonstrate that mutation of the gatekeeper threonine is a common mechanism of activation for tyrosine kinases and provide structural insights to guide the development of next-generation inhibitors.
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