Journal
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 14, Issue 2, Pages 83-97Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nrm3507
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Funding
- Dutch Cancer Society (KWF)
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
- Centre of Biomedical Genetics (CBG)
- Centre of Translational Molecular Medicine (CTMM) Research
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Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis and metabolism. In model organisms, FOXO activity also affects stem cell maintenance and lifespan as well as age-related diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. Multiple upstream pathways regulate FOXO activity through post-translational modifications and nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of both FOXO and its regulators. The diversity of this upstream regulation and the downstream effects of FOXOs suggest that they function as homeostasis regulators to maintain tissue homeostasis over time and coordinate a response to environmental changes, including growth factor deprivation, metabolic stress (starvation) and oxidative stress.
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