Journal
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 14, Issue 12, Pages 759-774Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/nrm3696
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Funding
- Cancer Research UK
- Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- Cancer Research UK [15153] Funding Source: researchfish
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [25111001] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Healthy cells use autophagy as a general ` housekeeping' mechanism and to survive stress, including stress induced by nutrient deprivation. Autophagy is initiated at the isolation membrane (originally termed the phagophore), and the coordinated action of ATG (autophagy-related) proteins results in the expansion of this membrane to form the autophagosome. Although the biogenesis of the isolation membrane and the autophagosome is complex and incompletely understood, insight has been gained into the molecular processes involved in initiating the isolation membrane, the source from which this originates (for example, it was recently proposed that the isolation membrane forms from the mitochondria-associate-d endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM)) and the role of ATG proteins and the vesicular trafficking machinery in autophagosome formation.
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