Journal
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue 12, Pages 773-786Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nrm3227
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Funding
- Institut Curie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)
- Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) [3140]
- French National Research Agency (ANR) [05-JCJC-0035, 08-JCJC-0007]
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM) [DEQ20081213977]
- Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) [RGP 23/2008]
- European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)
- Columbia University, USA
- The US National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [R01 GM088660]
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Half a century of biochemical and biophysical experiments has provided attractive models that may explain the diverse functions of microtubules within cells and organisms. However, the notion of functionally distinct microtubule types has not been explored with similar intensity, mostly because mechanisms for generating divergent microtubule species were not yet known. Cells generate distinct microtubule subtypes through expression of different tubulin isotypes and through post- translational modifications, such as detyrosination and further cleavage to Delta 2-tubulin, acetylation, polyglutamylation and polyglycylation. The recent discovery of enzymes responsible for many tubulin post- translational modifications has enabled functional studies demonstrating that these post- translational modifications may regulate microtubule functions through an amazing range of mechanisms.
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