Journal
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS
Volume 13, Issue 7, Pages 505-516Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nrg3229
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Funding
- US National Science Foundation [IOS-0843504]
- US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P50 GM081892]
- NIH [GM077959, GM084996]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [0843504] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The hypothesis that differences in gene regulation have an important role in speciation and adaptation is more than 40 years old. With the advent of new sequencing technologies, we are able to characterize and study gene expression levels and associated regulatory mechanisms in a large number of individuals and species at an unprecedented resolution and scale. We have thus gained new insights into the evolutionary pressures that shape gene expression levels and have developed an appreciation for the relative importance of evolutionary changes in different regulatory genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. The current challenge is to link gene regulatory changes to adaptive evolution of complex phenotypes. Here we mainly focus on comparative studies in primates and how they are complemented by studies in model organisms.
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